Survival · small trial

Kaplan–Meier example: AML maintenance chemotherapy

Kaplan–Meier curves of time to relapse in 23 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia, with or without maintenance chemotherapy, in the KMunicate style.

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0204060801001201401600.00.20.40.60.81.0Survival probabilityWeeksMaintained (n = 11)Nonmaintained (n = 12)Log-rank P = 0.065HR 2.50 (95% CI 0.92–6.81)Number at risk (events)Maintained11 (0)7 (3)3 (6)1 (7)1 (7)1 (7)1 (7)1 (7)1 (7)Nonmaintained12 (0)6 (5)2 (9)0 (11)0 (11)0 (11)0 (11)0 (11)0 (11)
Time to relapse by maintenance chemotherapy, with numbers at risk and cumulative events (KMunicate style).

About this example

This small trial of maintenance chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukaemia (23 patients) is the classic example in survival analysis textbooks. With so few patients, each relapse is a large step and ties between patients are common.

The number-at-risk table is in the KMunicate style (Morris et al., 2019): cumulative events in brackets beside the number still at risk. The log-rank test gives P = 0.07 and the hazard ratio for no maintenance is 2.5, with a wide confidence interval that reflects the small sample.

The data

WeeksRelapseGroup
91Maintained
131Maintained
130Maintained
181Maintained
231Maintained
280Maintained
311Maintained
341Maintained
450Maintained
481Maintained
1610Maintained
51Nonmaintained
51Nonmaintained
81Nonmaintained
81Nonmaintained

…and 8 more rows. Open the example to see all of them.

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