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Randomised trial · 3 arms

CONSORT 2025 example: three-arm trial

CONSORT 2025 flow diagram for a three-arm exercise trial (aerobic, resistance, usual care), with one column per arm and reasons for dropout.

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Assessed for eligibility (n = 305)Excluded (n = 145)Not meeting inclusion criteria (n = 96)Declined to participate (n = 41)Other reasons (n = 8)Randomised (n = 160)Allocated to aerobic training (n = 54)Received allocated intervention(n = 53)Did not receive allocatedintervention (n = 1)Injury before start (n = 1)Allocated to resistance training(n = 53)Received allocated intervention(n = 53)Did not receive allocatedintervention (n = 0)Allocated to usual care (n = 53)Received allocated intervention(n = 53)Did not receive allocatedintervention (n = 0)Discontinued intervention (n = 5)Lack of time (n = 5)Lost to follow-up for primary outcome(n = 3)Did not attend follow-up (n = 3)Discontinued intervention (n = 6)Lack of time (n = 4)Injury (n = 2)Lost to follow-up for primary outcome(n = 4)Did not attend follow-up (n = 4)Discontinued intervention (n = 0)Lost to follow-up for primary outcome(n = 6)Did not attend follow-up (n = 6)Analysed for primary outcome(n = 51)Excluded from analysis (n = 0)Analysed for primary outcome(n = 49)Excluded from analysis (n = 0)Analysed for primary outcome(n = 47)Excluded from analysis (n = 0)EnrolmentAllocationFollow-upAnalysis
Participant flow of a three-arm trial, one column per arm. Illustrative data.

About this example

CONSORT does not prescribe a layout for trials with more than two groups; it asks that every group shows the same stages. Here each arm gets its own column, and the randomised total splits into three.

Dropout differs between the arms: the usual-care group lost the most participants to follow-up, while the exercise groups mainly lost people who stopped training. Showing reasons by arm lets readers judge whether missing data could bias the comparison.

The data

Assessed for eligibility305
Excluded (reasons)Not meeting inclusion criteria (96), Declined to participate (41), Other reasons (8)
Randomised160
Arm: aerobic trainingallocated 54, lost to follow-up 3, analysed 51
Arm: resistance trainingallocated 53, lost to follow-up 4, analysed 49
Arm: usual careallocated 53, lost to follow-up 6, analysed 47

The totals were calculated in the editor from the numbers typed. Open the example, replace the data with your own, and export the figure as SVG, PDF, PNG or TIFF.

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